Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have been widely used since the 1980s in arbitrary function generators (AFGs) and arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) to produce signals for verification, ...

Studying how brain cells respond to signals from their neighbors can aid the understanding of cognition and development. However, experimentally measuring the brain's activity is complicated. Neuron ...

Alain Bourdillon is a professor of Electrical Engineering at the University de Rennes. He is involved in research on Over The Horizon radar and on radio propagation. Direct frequency synthesizers have ...

Sine waves are beneficial for information interchange, e.g. they have very a short and predictable frequency spectrum. When needed, it is relatively easy to suppress the sine signals with filters. On ...

Lock-in amplifiers were invented in the 1930s [1, 2, 3] and commercialized [4] in the mid 20 th century as electrical instruments that are capable of extracting signal amplitudes and phases in ...

1. This optimised analogue-conditioning circuit can avoid signal distortion caused by nonlinearities, and guarantee an optimum interface between the encoder and ADC. 2. shown is a normalised RC filter ...