Also known as a "zero knowledge (ZK) proof," a validity proof is used by zero knowledge rollups (zk-Rollups) on Layer 2 blockchains to prove that the data summarized on the Layer 1 chain are valid.

Modal logic, an extension of classical logic, investigates the modes of truth such as necessity and possibility. Its development has been closely intertwined with advances in proof theory, a field ...

Your news feature “Does the proof stack up?” (Nature 424, 12; 200310.1038/424012a) — addressing the difficulties faced by mathematicians in verifying the computer-aided putative proof of Kepler's ...