Figure 1 shows that individual measurement values hover around a mean value and the difference between the mean value and true value is the systematic error of ...

This paper examines the effects of systematic and random errors in recall and of selection bias in case–control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. These sensitivity analyses are based on ...

Figure 2D depicts high random and systematic errors in the distribution of the quantified values. The device shows both poor precision and poor trueness. Reproducible, accurate, and exact measurements ...

When gathering a measurement using a spectroscopy instrument, the user wants to be confident in the result. Whether the technique is OES, XRF, or LIBS, or if thickness or composition are measured, the ...

This paper demonstrates how assay data sets of a formulated liquid product, drug substance, and an impurity, obtained from combined accuracy-precision studies, are evaluated to calculate statistical ...