Dynamic logic offers a formal framework to reason about actions, transitions and the evolution of systems over time. It extends classical modal logic by incorporating operators that capture state ...

Life is full of logical arguments. Lawyers love to pick apart arguments to see how they work, the way engineers deconstruct machines and football coaches analyze plays. Logical arguments are ...

We have had a "data fetish" with artificial intelligence (AI) for over 20 years—so long that many have forgotten our AI history. Our saturated mindset states that all AI must start with data, yet back ...

When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...

For a while now, companies like OpenAI and Google have been touting advanced “reasoning” capabilities as the next big step in their latest artificial intelligence models. Now, though, a new study from ...