Viable stationary-phase P. acnes directly-activates NHEK via TLR2, stimulating IL-1α release. [12] As the treatment of NHEK with LTA and PGN was reported to trigger NFκB activation via TLR2, in turn ...

PAMPs in processed food may be making you sick. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs, are molecules associated with bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are recognized by the immune system.

Alcohol and its metabolites disrupt the gut barrier, leading to increased levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These PAMPs trigger the recruitment and activation of immune cells, ...

Hereditary or acquired immunodeficiencies often predispose to fatal infections by otherwise harmless microorganisms 16,17. On the other hand, overt and uncontrolled immune responses can cause ...

Background Acne is a common disorder of the human pilosebaceous unit, yet the mechanisms underlying hyperkeratinisation and subsequent inflammation (comedogenesis) remain to be determined, although ...