Natural gene flow is often localised because of gamete dispersal limitations, and the quantity and structure of the genotypic variance in such populations is a key to predicting the advance from ...
How and why individuals differ from each other is a central question in behavioral and evolutionary ecology, because selection particularly acts on this among-individual variation. It is therefore ...
The variability of characters within populations is generally measured as a function of the character variance, although questions of nongeographic variation are addressed as tests of mean differences ...